State · 753 BCE – 476 CE
Ancient Rome
A state of 753 BCE – 476 CE — 1,229 years in Europe. It followed culture. It was followed by Byzantine Empire and Rome in the Middle Ages. The atlas records 1,020 things within it — wars and battles 75 · unrest and atrocity 4 · famine and plague 2 · natural disasters 1 · people 937 · works and ideas 1. Its line of rulers holds 985 people, 92 with dated terms.
For the full story, the article on Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0); this page holds what the record says of the state.
- Stood
- 1,229 years
- 753 BCE – 476
- Rulers
- 985
- the Roman emperor
- Within it
- 1,020
- recorded rows
Where it sits in time
Five thousand years, 3000 BCE to 2026; the state in gold, what it replaced or followed and what replaced or followed it in grey.
Before and after
The states the record files it as replacing or following, and those that replaced or followed it - Wikidata's own statements, each read from this state's side.
Before it
- culture · follows
After it
- Byzantine Empire · followed by · 285 – 1453
- Rome in the Middle Ages · followed by
Rulers
The line of Roman emperor.
956 terms are shared from [object Object],[object Object]. A collegial office: 868 holders, drawn and never measured - Two consuls were elected each year and held office together.
| Ruler | Reign | Length | How it ended · source | To the ruler before |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romulus | 753 BCE – 716 BCE | 37 years | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Numa Pompilius | 715 BCE – 673 BCE | 42 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Tullus Hostilius | 673 BCE – 642 BCE | 31 years | died by accidentWikidata's manner of death | |
| Ancus Marcius | 640 BCE – 616 BCE | 24 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Lucius Tarquinius Priscus | 616 BCE – 578 BCE | 38 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Servius Tullius | 578 BCE – 534 BCE | 44 years | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | in-law |
| Lucius Tarquinius Superbus | 534 BCE – 509 BCE | 25 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | in-law |
| Lucius Junius Brutus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 509 BCE – 509 BCE | under a year | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 509 BCE – 509 BCE | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 508 BCE – 508 BCE | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Publius Valerius Poplicola · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 507 BCE – 507 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Marcus Horatius Pulvillus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 507 BCE – 507 BCE | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Spurius Larcius · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 506 BCE – 506 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Herminius Aquilinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 506 BCE – 506 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Marcus Valerius Volusus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 505 BCE – 505 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Postumius Tubertus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 505 BCE – 505 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Valerius Poplicola · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 504 BCE – 504 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Lucretius Tricipitinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 504 BCE – 504 BCE | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Agrippa Menenius Lanatus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 503 BCE – 503 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Postumius Tubertus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 503 BCE – 503 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Spurius Cassius Vecellinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 502 BCE – 502 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Opiter Verginius Tricostus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 502 BCE – 502 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Postumus Cominius Auruncus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 501 BCE – 501 BCE | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Larcius · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 501 BCE – 501 BCE | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 500 BCE – 500 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Manius Tullius Longus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 500 BCE – 500 BCE | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Aebutius Helva · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 499 BCE – 499 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Gaius Veturius Geminus Cicurinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 499 BCE – 499 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Quintus Cloelius Siculus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 498 BCE – 498 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Larcius · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 498 BCE – 498 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Marcus Minucius Augurinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 497 BCE – 497 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Aulus Sempronius Atratinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 497 BCE – 497 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 496 BCE – 496 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 496 BCE – 496 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Servilius Priscus Structus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 495 BCE – 495 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 495 BCE – 495 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 494 BCE – 494 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Aulus Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 494 BCE – 494 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Postumus Cominius Auruncus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 493 BCE – 493 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Spurius Cassius Vecellinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 493 BCE – 493 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Geganius Macerinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 492 BCE – 492 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Minucius Augurinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 492 BCE – 492 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Marcus Minucius Augurinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 491 BCE – 491 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Aulus Sempronius Atratinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 491 BCE – 491 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 490 BCE – 490 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Spurius Larcius · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 490 BCE – 490 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Gaius Julius Iullus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 489 BCE – 489 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Publius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 489 BCE – 489 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Sextus Furius · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 488 BCE – 488 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Spurius Nautius Rutilus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 488 BCE – 488 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Titus Sicinius Sabinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 487 BCE – 487 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Gaius Aquillius Tuscus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 487 BCE – 487 BCE | under a year | ending not on record | |
| Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 486 BCE – 486 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Spurius Cassius Vecellinus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 486 BCE – 486 BCE | under a year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Quintus Fabius Vibulanus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 485 BCE – 485 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Servius Cornelius Maluginensis Cossus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 485 BCE – 485 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Caeso Fabius Vibulanus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 484 BCE – 484 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Marcus Fabius Vibulanus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 483 BCE – 483 BCE | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Lucius Valerius Potitus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 483 BCE – 483 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Gaius Julius Iullus · collegial · from the line of Roman Republic | 482 BCE – 482 BCE | under a year | the term ends after the recorded deathread off the dates alone | |
| Diadumenian | 218 – 218 | under a year | executedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Severus Alexander | 222 – 235 | 13 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Maximinus Thrax | 235 – 238 | 3 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Gordian I | 238 – 238 | under a year | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | |
| Pupienus | 238 – 238 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Gordian II | 238 – 238 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Balbinus | 238 – 238 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Gordian III | 238 – 244 | 6 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Philip the Arab | 244 – 249 | 5 years | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Pacatian | 248 – 248 | under a year | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Silbannacus | 248 – 248 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Decius | 249 – 251 | 2 years | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Trebonianus Gallus | 251 – 253 | 2 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | parent |
| Volusianus | 251 – 253 | 2 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Herennius Etruscus | 251 – 251 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Hostilian | 251 – 251 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Gallienus | 253 – 268 | 15 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Aemilianus | 253 – 253 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Valerian | 253 – 260 | 7 years | died in office, manner not recordedread off the dates alone | |
| Ingenuus | 258 – 260 | 2 years | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | |
| Saloninus | 260 – 260 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Macrianus Major | 260 – 261 | 1 year | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Claudius Gothicus | 268 – 270 | 2 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Quintillus | 270 – 270 | under a year | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Aurelian | 270 – 275 | 5 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Tacitus | 275 – 276 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Probus | 276 – 282 | 6 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Florianus | 276 – 276 | under a year | killedWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Carus | 282 – 283 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Carinus | 283 – 285 | 2 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Numerian | 283 – 284 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Diocletian | 284 – 305 | 21 years | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Maximian | 286 – 305 | 19 years | abdicated, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | child |
| Constantius Chlorus | 305 – 306 | 1 year | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | child |
| Galerius | 305 – 311 | 6 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Maxentius | 306 – 312 | 6 years | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | |
| Severus II | 306 – 307 | 1 year | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | |
| Constantine the Great | 306 – 337 | 31 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Licinius | 308 – 324 | 16 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Maximinus Daza | 311 – 313 | 2 years | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | |
| Valerius Valens | 316 – 317 | 1 year | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Martinian | 324 – 324 | under a year | executedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Constans | 337 – 350 | 13 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Constantius II | 337 – 361 | 24 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Constantine II | 337 – 340 | 3 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Vetranio | 350 – 350 | under a year | left office aliveread off the dates alone | |
| Julian | 360 – 363 | 3 years | killedWikidata's manner of death | |
| Jovian | 363 – 364 | 1 year | died by accidentWikidata's manner of death | |
| Valens | 364 – 378 | 14 years | died in battleWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Valentinian I | 364 – 375 | 11 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Gratian | 367 – 383 | 16 years | executedWikidata's manner of death | nephew or niece |
| Valentinian II | 375 – 392 | 17 years | died by suicideWikidata's manner of death | sibling |
| Theodosius I | 379 – 395 | 16 years | died in office of natural causesWikidata's manner of death | |
| Flavius Victor | 384 – 388 | 4 years | ending not on record | |
| Honorius · from the line of Western Roman Empire | 395 – 423 | 28 years | ending not on record | |
| Theodosius II | 402 – 450 | 48 years | died by accidentWikidata's manner of death | nephew or niece |
| Majorian · from the line of Western Roman Empire | 457 – 461 | 4 years | killed, the article saysread from the ruler's own article | |
| Anthemius · from the line of Western Roman Empire | 467 – 472 | 5 years | ending not on record | |
| Julius Nepos · from the line of Western Roman Empire | 474 – 480 | 6 years | ending not on record | |
| Romulus Augustulus · from the line of Western Roman Empire | 475 – 476 | 1 year | ending not on record |
The first and last 60 of 845 reigns; the 725 between them are in the atlas.
985 rulers, 92 with terms dated as terms, covering 753 BCE – 480. Median reign 4 years. 63 of 91 handovers irregular - a killing, a deposition, a rival claimant, a rising or a coup beside it. A blank in the last column means no kin on record, which is coverage, never “unrelated”.
What happened within it, by century
Every row the atlas hosts under this state, by the century it began in: wars and battles in red, risings, regime changes and massacres beside them, everything else in grey. A tall bar is a century the record is full for, which is partly a fact about Wikipedia.
800 BCE – 701 BCE5 rows
- Numa Pompilius · ruler · 753 – 671 BCE
- Tullus Hostilius · ruler · 710 – 642 BCE
- Romulus · ruler · 771 – 717 BCE
- Lucius Tarquinius Priscus · ruler · 701 – 578 BCE
- Tanaquil · politician · 701 – 601 BCE
700 BCE – 601 BCE43 rows
- Lucius Tarquinius Superbus · ruler · 601 – 495 BCE
- Ancus Marcius · ruler · 675 – 616 BCE
- Servius Tullius · ruler · 601 – 534 BCE
- Publius Valerius Poplicola · ruler · 601 – 503 BCE
- Agrippa Menenius Lanatus · ruler · 601 – 493 BCE
- Titus Larcius · ruler · 601 – 501 BCE
- Titus Aebutius Helva · ruler · 601 – 501 BCE
- Postumus Cominius Auruncus · ruler · 601 – 501 BCE
and 35 more in the atlas.
600 BCE – 501 BCE48 rows
- Lucius Junius Brutus · ruler · 540 – 509 BCE
- Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus · ruler · 519 – 431 BCE
- Spurius Cassius Vecellinus · ruler · 542 – 485 BCE
- Marcus Valerius Volusus · ruler · 551 – 499 BCE
- Marcus Manlius Capitolinus · ruler · 501 – 384 BCE
- Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis · ruler · 540 – 480 BCE
- Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus · ruler · 551 – 449 BCE
- Aulus Cornelius Cossus · ruler · 501 BCE
and 40 more in the atlas.
500 BCE – 401 BCE85 rows · 5 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Marcus Furius Camillus · ruler · 446 – 365 BCE
- Sicilian Expedition · battle · 415 – 413 BCE
- Battle of Himera · battle · 480 BCE
- Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina · ruler · 401 – 260 BCE
- Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus · ruler · 401 – 301 BCE
- Lucius Aemilius Barbula · ruler · 401 – 361 BCE
- Quintus Marcius Philippus · ruler · 401 – 301 BCE
- Titus Manlius Torquatus · ruler · 401 – 299 BCE
and 77 more in the atlas.
400 BCE – 301 BCE99 rows · 8 wars and battles
- Latin War · war · 341 – 338 BCE
- Gaius Duilius · ruler · 301 BCE
- Publius Decius Mus · ruler · 351 – 340 BCE
- Appius Claudius Caudex · ruler · 301 BCE
- Lucius Papirius Cursor · ruler · 364 – 351 BCE
- Marcus Valerius Corvus · ruler · 371 – 271 BCE
- Publius Valerius Laevinus · ruler · 351 – 280 BCE
- Publius Decius Mus · ruler · 340 – 295 BCE
and 91 more in the atlas.
300 BCE – 201 BCE154 rows · 22 wars and battles
- Plautus · writer · 250 – 184 BCE
- Cato the Elder · ruler · 232 – 147 BCE
- Scipio Africanus · ruler · 235 – 183 BCE
- Second Punic War · war · 218 – 201 BCE
- Ennius · writer · 239 – 169 BCE
- Battle of Cannae · battle · 216 BCE
- Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus · ruler · 228 – 160 BCE
- Pyrrhic War · war · 280 – 275 BCE
and 146 more in the atlas.
200 BCE – 101 BCE155 rows · 8 wars and battles
- Cicero · ruler · 107 – 43 BCE
- Pompey · ruler · 106 – 48 BCE
- Terence · writer · 185 – 159 BCE
- Sulla · ruler · 138 – 78 BCE
- Marcus Terentius Varro · philosopher · 116 – 27 BCE
- Marcus Licinius Crassus · ruler · 115 – 53 BCE
- Gaius Marius · ruler · 157 – 86 BCE
- Catiline · politician · 108 – 62 BCE
and 147 more in the atlas.
100 BCE – 1 BCE158 rows · 19 wars and battles · 2 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Julius Caesar · ruler · 100 – 44 BCE
- Virgil · writer · 70 – 19 BCE
- Augustus · ruler · 63 BCE – 14 CE
- Ovid · writer · 43 BCE – 17 CE
- Horace · philosopher · 65 – 8 BCE
- Seneca the Younger · politician · 5 BCE – 65 CE
- Livy · writer · 59 BCE – 17 CE
- Lucretius · philosopher · 94 – 55 BCE
and 150 more in the atlas.
0 – 9960 rows · 3 wars and battles
- Paul the Apostle · philosopher · 5 – 66
- Plutarch · philosopher · 50 – 200
- Tacitus · politician · 54 – 120
- Ptolemy · scientist · 85 – 170
- Nero · ruler · 37 – 68
- Caligula · ruler · 12 – 41
- Pliny the Elder · scientist · 23 – 79
- Epictetus · philosopher · 50 – 138
and 52 more in the atlas.
100 – 19939 rows · 1 wars and battles
- Marcus Aurelius · ruler · 121 – 180
- Apuleius · scientist · 101 – 170
- Tertullian · philosopher · 160 – 230
- Septimius Severus · ruler · 146 – 211
- Caracalla · ruler · 188 – 217
- Commodus · ruler · 161 – 192
- Origen · philosopher · 184 – 254
- Didius Julianus · ruler · 133 – 193
and 31 more in the atlas.
200 – 29981 rows · 2 wars and battles
- Constantine the Great · ruler · 274 – 337
- Galen · scientist · 200 – 300
- Plotinus · philosopher · 205 – 270
- Saint Nicholas · religious leader · 283 – 345
- Diocletian · ruler · 240 – 316
- Saint George · commander · 275 – 303
- Aurelian · ruler · 214 – 275
- Athanasius of Alexandria · religious leader · 296 – 373
and 73 more in the atlas.
300 – 39963 rows · 4 wars and battles · 1 risings, regime changes and massacres
- Augustine of Hippo · religious leader · 354 – 430
- Jerome · philosopher · 345 – 420
- Ambrose · philosopher · 350 – 397
- Julian · ruler · 331 – 363
- Theodosius I · ruler · 347 – 395
- Basil of Caesarea · philosopher · 329 – 379
- Gregory of Nazianzus · religious leader · 329 – 389
- Pope Damasus I · writer · 305 – 384
and 55 more in the atlas.
400 – 49929 rows · 3 wars and battles
- Pope Leo I · writer · 400 – 461
- Pope Gelasius I · writer · 410 – 496
- Julius Nepos · politician · 430 – 480
- Valentinian III · ruler · 419 – 455
- Majorian · ruler · 420 – 461
- Olybrius · ruler · 401 – 472
- Sidonius Apollinaris · politician · 430 – 489
- Libius Severus · politician · 420 – 465
and 21 more in the atlas.
Among all states
Each measure against the states that carry it, never against all of them: a bar is the share of those states below this one.
- How long it stood1,229 years
stood longer than 98% of 3,187 states with a recorded end or still standing.
- Wars recorded per century1.5
had more wars on record per century than 96% of 3,187 states, counting the wars the atlas hosts under each.
- How long a reign lasted, at the median4 years
had longer reigns, at the median, than 13% of 967 states whose dated line can carry a median.
- Rulers on record985
has more rulers on record than 100% of 1,968 states with a line of rulers.
What led to it, and what came of it
The investigation's own picture: 2 causes the record names and 2 results, the strongest six of each at their own years, joined to the state by the kind of claim - a recorded statement solid, the article's sentence dashed, a theory dash-dot.
Open the investigation: every row with its evidence, the conditions at the time, the theories condition by condition, and the succession analysed.
Open in the atlas
- On the timeline, 876 BCE – 599, with everything that stood beside it.
- On the map in 138 BCE, live: scrub the year and watch its borders move.
- Investigate it: what led to it, what came of it, and its succession analysed.
Wikidata Q1747689 (CC0) · data built 2026-10-06 · Pastlas v2.9.1, by Oleh Voronko. The published atlas and its data are for non-commercial use.